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Although it has been studied for more than 100 years, the measurement of
fluctuating wall shear stress is one of the great unsolved problems in fluid
mechanics. The inability to measure both mean and fluctuating shear stress
limits our understanding of basic flows and inhibits the development of flow
control applications. Unfortunately, the development of a calibrated sensor
capable of measuring fluctuating shear stress is still elusive. Even the
expected improvements in sensors developed with new materials and
manufacturing processes over the past 15 years (mostly through
miniaturization) have not come to pass because of the problems that arise
when working in smaller scales (like reduced transduction signal to noise).
In short, simply taking the conventional concepts and making them smaller
has not worked to expectations.
This creates a need for a robust, calibrated shear stress sensor capable of
providing mean and fluctuating shear stress measurements in all kinds of
flows (attached, separated, dirty, opaque, variable or unknown composition,
etc.).
Researchers in the University of Wyoming’s Mechanical Engineering
Department have designed and constructed a prototype for a shear stress
sensor based on an entirely new sensing approach. Specifically, our
researchers employ a resonant dynamic sensor. Dynamic systems operating at
or near resonance are very sensitive to small changes in forces. This sensor
is specifically designed such that shear stress on the surface of the sensor
acts to dampen the resonant system. By measuring changes in the resonance,
the surface shear stress can be determined. The benefits of this new design
over static force balance sensors are immediately apparent. Other forces,
such as pressure differences across the sensor due to pressure gradients, do
not affect the dynamic motion and thus do not affect the sensitivity to
surface shear stress. All told, our device has high sensitivity to shear
stress, low sensitivity to other forces (like pressure gradients), high
bandwidth, small size, good temporal resolution, the ability to be assembled
into multi-directional arrays, and the ability to be combined with actuators
in a closed-loop system. This type of device can measure fluctuating wall
shear stress in challenging environments (dusty), and on all kinds of
surfaces, a task that has not been accomplished in the past. University of
Wyoming researchers are currently obtaining excellent results with the
prototype device under open-loop and closed-loop operation. These results
were presented in two papers at the 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement
Technology conference to be held in Portland Oregon June 28th 2004.
The University of Wyoming also has a pending patent on this technology
2004/106844.
An instrument that can measure shear stress on a wall can be applied to
virtually any application that involves fluids moving past a surface.
Potential applications include pipelines, airplanes, and even the human body
to measure wall shear stress on arteries. Researchers feel that this
technology has many applications in the aerospace, chemical, and bio-medical
industries.
If you would like to know how your company can
assist in its continued development, or even license the technology for
commercial use feel free to contact
Davona Douglass.
We would be happy to discuss this
opportunity with you further and provide you with more detailed information.
Zhang, W.D. Armstrong, W.R. Lindberg, and J.W. Naughton, “Numerical Model
of a Dynamic Resonant Shear Stress Sensor,” AIAA Paper 2004-2395.
W. D. Armstrong, A. Singhal, and J.W. Naughton, “A Dynamic Resonant Shear
Stress Sensor,” AIAA Paper 2004-2608
Research Products Center
Dept. 3672
1000 E. University Ave.
Laramie, WY 82071
(307)766-2520
Fax: (307) 766-2530
e-mail: WyomingInvents@uwyo.edu