There are several locations which
Christians immediately associate with the life of Jesus. There is Bethlehem,
in Judea, where Jesus was born; Nazareth, in
Galilee, where he grew up; and Jerusalem,
where he was crucified. These are the
places where Jesus began and ended his life.
But the places of where Jesus carried out his ministry are less
familiar.
The most frequently mentioned town and
perhaps the most memorable is Capernaum. Jesus seems to have made his ministry’s
headquarters there, at the home of Simon Peter’s mother-in-law. Not only does Jesus return again and again,
but when the gospels of Mark and Luke say Jesus “returned to his hometown,”
they usually mean Capernaum rather than Nazareth.
It should then not be surprising that many
of the other named locations of his ministry are near Capernaum,
such as Ginnesar, Chorazin,
Bethsaida
and Gergesa. These are the most frequently mentioned
places in Matthew, Mark and Luke, and most of Jesus’s
ministry takes place in and around them.
These towns bring out another observation
about Jesus’ ministry. It took place
around the Sea of Galilee. Several other events, such as Jesus driving
out demons or preaching to large crowds, take place at unnamed locations “in
the wilderness” on the shore of the Sea of Galilee. At another point Jesus takes a trip into the
“cities of the Decapolis,” a region on the southeast
shore of the Sea of Galilee.
All this points to a
single conclusion. For most of
his ministry, Jesus based himself on the Sea of Galilee
and used it as a means of transportation.
This shows that Jesus took advantage of the fastest mode of
transportation in the ancient world, the sailboat. Neither walking nor riding on donkeys or
camels could match the speed or the comfort of moving about on the water. By sailing, Jesus could cover the most
“ground” in the least amount of time.
While Capernaum
and the Sea of Galilee was a good
transportation choice for Jesus’ activities, it raises the question, what was
Jesus doing so far from home? In the
ancient world, few people ever traveled more than a day’s walk, about 15 miles,
from the place where they were born. After all, their entire family, the family
land, as well as their livelihood and responsibilities were all right
there. To leave familial territory was
to cut off contact with one’s family, for there were no means of communication. Few people could read or write a letter, but
even if they could, there was no postal service. And of course the telephone and email were millenia in the future.
So what was
Jesus doing a two-day journey, some 30 miles by road, away from his home in Nazareth!
Most of the gospels ignore this question,
but Luke addresses it head-on. In Luke’s
story, once John the Baptist baptised Jesus, Jesus
fasted for forty days in the wilderness.
Jesus then returned to Nazareth,
where in the synagogue, he claimed to be the fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy
of being God’s chosen messenger. This
bold claim was seen by the villagers as blasphemy and they attempted to carry
the appropriate punishment for this sin, death.
They could only see him as Joseph’s son, who had grown up among them,
rather than a prophet. Jesus escaped from them and left the area. According to Luke, Jesus then proceeded
directly to Capernaum to begin his ministry
around the Sea of Galilee.
So Jesus picked the best location in
Galilee for his ministry, the transportation center of the Sea
of Galilee. In doing so he
left his home region behind. But he was pushed out by the inability of those
with whom he had grown up to grasp his new role.